Chinese

English

（中国）新的经济增长点

A new growth point of China’s economy

摆脱困境

To be lifted from the difficulty situation

饱和

Saturation

逼债

Press sb to pay off the debts

部委

Ministries and commissions

财团

Consortium; syndicate

财政、税收制度

The fiscal and taxation system

财政金融政策

Fiscal and monetary policies

产权转让

Property-rights transfer

承包责任制

The contract-responsibility system

承包制（股份制）

The contract system (the share-holding system)

承前启后

Build on the past and prepare for the future; inherit the past and usher in the future

驰名中外

To be famous both at home and abroad

出口退税制度

The export tax refund system

刺激内需

Stimulate domestic demand

打破垄断

Break up the monopoly

大刀阔斧

Bold and resolute

代理商

Agent

贷款（提供）

Extend a loan to sb.

担保

Guarantee

邓小平理论伟大旗帜

The great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory

地方税收

Local tax

电信产业

The telecommunications market/sector in China

豆腐渣工程

Shoddy construction

发展骨干产业

To develop key industries

房地产

Real estate

仿制品

Bogus copies

风流政府机关干部

Redirection of the government functionaries

风险分析

Make risk analyses

扶贫项目

Anti-poverty projects

服务周到

Excellent service

福利分房制度

Welfare house allocation

改革、开放和现代化建设

Reform, opening up and the modernization drive

钢产量

Steel output/production

高新技术

High and new technologies

各级政府机关

Government institutions at various levels

公积金

Public accumulation fund

公平竞争

激烈竞争

竞争机制

Fair competition

Heated/keen competition

Competition mechanism

公益金

Public welfare fund

公众舆论

Public opinion

供过于求（供不应求）

Oversupply (undersupply)

购买力

Purchasing power

购销债务

Cancel the debts

股票市场

Stock market

关税

Tariff

管理自主权

Autonomy in management

国际惯例

International practices

国家税收

State tax

国有大中型企业

Large and medium-sized SOEs

国有资产

国有资产流失

无形资产

固定资产

固定资产投资

资产评估

State assets

The leakage of state assets

Intangible assets

Fixed assets

Fixed-assets investment

An assessment/appraisal of one’s assests

过度的资本流动

An overflow of capital

过热

Overheating

红包(非法所得)

Under the table payments

红包（奖金）

Bonus

红包制度

A closed wages system

宏观调控

Macro-control; Macro regulation

欢迎定购

Order welcome

环境保护设施

Environmental protection facilities

汇率

The exchange rate

汇率并轨

A uniform exchange rate

货币化

Monetarize

货币稳定

Stability of the currency

基础设施建设

Construction of infrastructure

技术出口

Export of technology

技术服务

Technical service

技术改造/升级

Technical upgrading; technological renovation

技术引进

Acquisition of technology

技术转让

Transfer of technology

假冒伪劣商品

Fake and poor quality commodities

监管

Supervision/monitoring

金融动荡/危机

Financial crisis/turmoil

进/出口税

Import/export tax

经济结构调整

Restructuring in the economy

经济腾飞

经济萧条

外向型经济

经济技术开发区

经济特区

保税区

Economic take/kick-off

Economic depression

Exports oriented economy

Economic and technological development zone

Economic development zone

Free-trade zone

经济效益

Economic efficiency

经销商

Distributor

经营自主权

Autonomy in operation

精简政府机关

Streamline the government institutions

开发区

Development zones

科教兴国

Revitalize China through science, technology and education

亏损面

The loss-making percentage

亏损企业

Money-losing enterprises; loss-making enterprises

利率

The interest rate

连续三年的丰收

Bumper harvests for three consecutive/straight years

粮食储备

Grain reserves

粮食流通体制

The grain circulation system

劣质商品

Inferior products

零售商

Retailer

路线、方针、政策

Guidelines, strategies/principles, and policies

买卖兴隆

Do a brisk business

努力奋斗

Work hard/diligently

欧共体部长理事会

Council of Ministers of European Economic Community

欧盟

European Union/EU

欧洲共同体

European Community

欧洲货币联盟

European Monetary Union

欧洲货币体系

European Monetary System

欧洲经济共同体

European Economic Community

拍卖商

Auctioneer

批发商

Wholesaler

破产/倒闭

Bankruptcy

清理企业之间的三角债

To straighten out debt defaults among enterprises

全面建设小康社会

Build up a well-off society in an all-rounded way

人民币坚挺

A firm/strong RMB

人民币自由兑换

The complete convertibility of RMB

人寿保险

Life insurance

融资

Financing; fund raising

三步走战略

A three-step strategy

三定（定职能、定机构、定编制）

Determine the functions, the organizations, posts and the staff size

商会

Chamber of commerce

商业化

Commercialize

商业银行

Commercial banks

上海粮油进出口公司

Shanghai General, Oil and Foodstuff Import and Export Company

上海市工商局

Shanghai Industry and Commerce Bureau

上海市外国投资工作委员会

Shanghai Foreign Investment Commission

上市股票

Listed stocks/shares

涉外宾馆

A hotel housing foreign/international guests

涉外会计事务所

An accounting firm authorized to handle foreign-related accounting business

申请专利

Apply for a patent

审批

Examination and approval

施政纲领

Give an outline of administrative policies/make a policy address

世纪之交

At the turn of the century; on the threshold of the new century

市场萧条

A slack market

市政建设（项目）

Construction of municipal facilities/urban construction (projects)

水利（项目）

Water conservancy (projects)

税收

Taxation/tax revenue

私有化（公有化）

Privatization (nationalization)

所得税

Income tax

提出索赔

Lodge a claim

通过多渠道集资

To raise funds through multiple channels

投诉

Lodge a complaint of sb

投资比例

Investment proportion

投资方式

Form of investment

投资热点

Investment hot spot

投资研讨会

Investment seminar

投资总额

A total amount of investment

土地租赁

Land lease

团结一心

Unite as one/be united in one effort to d o

退更还林

Revert farmlands to forests

退休金

Pension

外汇储备

Foreign exchange reserve

下海经商

To plunge into the business arena

现代企业制度

Modern enterprise system

销路好/不好

Have a good/poor sale/market

信息高速公路

The information superhighway

亚洲开发银行

Asian Development Bank

亚洲四小龙

The Four Asian Tigers

养老保险

Endowment insurance

养老金

Old-age pension

医疗制度改革

Reform in the medical care system

银行保险业

The banking and insurance sectors

营业税

Business tax

优化生产结构

To optimize the structure of production

优惠的税收和价格政策

Preferential policies on taxation and pricing

优质服务

Quality service

优质名牌产品

Famous brand quality products

与时俱进

To keep pace/abreat with the times

预定日程

The set schedule

债券银行

Credit banks

召开（一次重要会议）

(a meeting) be convened

折扣

Discount

振兴企业

Invigorate the enterprises

整顿经济秩序

Rectify economic order

政府补贴

Government subsidiaries

政府机制改革

The reorganization of the government institutions

指导思想

The guiding ideology

制造商

Manufacturer

质量第一，顾客至上

Quality first; client first

中国出口商品交易会

Chinese Export Commodity Fair

中国商品检验局

Commodity Inspection Bureau of the P.R.C

中国特色社会主义

Socialism with Chinese characteristics

中国消费者协会

Chinese Consumers’ Association

中国质量管理协会

China Quality Control Association

中间商

Middleman

中央银行

The Central Bank (the People’s Bank of China)

重复建设

Redundant construction

重要时期

A crucial/critical period

住房紧张

The pinch of housing shortages

住房制度改革

Housing reform; reform in the housing system

资金流转

Capital overturn

资源分配

Resource disposition; distribution of resources

自主经营

Operate independently

Chinese

English

国际贸易

International trade

补偿贸易

Compensation trade

转口贸易

Transit trade/entrepot trade

贸易伙伴

Trading partner

贸易争端

Trade disputes

贸易顺差

Favorable trade balance

贸易逆差

Unfavorable trade balance

过境贸易

Transit trade

贸易自由化

Trade liberalization

自由贸易市场

Free markets and fairs

乡村贸易市场

Village fair and rural market

国际贸易顺差

Foreign trade surplus

国际贸易逆差

Foreign trade deficits

海关总署

General Customs Administration

国际收支平衡

Balance of international payments

互惠合同

Reciprocal contract

签订合同

To sign a contract

撕毁合同

To tear up a contract

跳蚤市场

Flea market

拍卖市场

Auction market

劳务市场

Labor market

繁荣市场

Flourish the market

调节市场

Regulate the market

逛夜市

Visit night markets

乱收费

Random charges

提供销售奖券

Offer lottery tickets with purchasing

薄利多销

To promote sales by lowering the profit margin

市场疲软

A sluggish market

单方贸易制裁

Unilateral trade sanctions

双边贸易总额

Bilateral trade volume

采取优惠政策

Adopt/launch a preferential policy

建立经常的贸易联系

To establish regular trade relations

中国国际贸易促进会

China Council for the promotion of International Trade

中国远洋运输总公司

China General Ocean Shipping Company

欧洲自由贸易区

European Free Trade Area

国际贸易中心

International Trade Center

北大西洋公约组织

North Atlantic Treaty Organization/NATO

加入世贸组织

Accession/entry to the WTO

关贸总协定

The General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade/GATT

最惠国待遇

Most-Favored-Nation treatment

互惠的基础上

On a reciprocal basis

严格产品质量检查制度

To strictly observe the rules for checking quality of products

乌拉圭回合谈判

The Uruguay Round

一揽子协议

The package agreements

商品贸易

Merchandise trade

金融服务自由化

Financial service liberalization

贸易国

Trading nations

银行业执照

Banking licenses

Chinese

English

联合国粮农组织

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

小康水平

A well-off/well-to-do standard of living

小康社会

A well-off society

扶贫

Help alleviate poverty

扶贫运动

Anti-poverty programs

脱贫致富

To shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity

星火计划

Spark Program

国务院扶贫办公室

The State Council’s Poverty Relief Office

退耕还林

To revert farmlands to forests

植树造林

Afforestation

农村集市

Rural fair

发展生产，繁荣经济

Develop production and bring about a prosperous economy

多种产业经济

Multi-industrial economy

共同繁荣（富裕）

Common prosperity

使农民走上富裕之路

To put farmers onto the way to wealth

达到小康水平

Attain the well-off standard/achieve modest wealth

解决温饱问题

Find a solution to basic problems of livelihood/solve the problems of food and clothing

贫困地区

The hinterland/poverty-stricken areas

中西部地区

The western and middle regions

为吃穿问题发愁

To worry about sufficient food and clothing

灾区

Disaster area

农业制度改革

Agricultural system reforms

农业结构改革

A restructuring reform in agriculture

农村经济改革

Rural economic reforms

深化农村业改革

Deep the rural reform

吃大锅饭

To feed on a communal pot

打破大锅饭

To break up a communal pot

发展乡镇企业

To develop township enterprises

发展集体经济

To develop collective economy

兴修水利

To launch water-conservancy projects

多种农业经营

A diversified economy in agriculture

减轻农民负担

Alleviate farmers’ heavy load/relieve peasants of their heavy burdens

Chinese

Englsih

（副）总统

(vice-)president

（副）主席

(vice-)chairman/chairperson

总书记

General secretary

（副）委员长

(vice)chairman

（副）总理

(vice)premier

（副）部长

(vice)minister

（副）主任

(deputy)director

（副）局长

(vice)bureau-director

（副）省长

(vice)provincial governor

（副）市长

(vice)mayor/mayoress

（副）县长

(vice)head of a county

（副）处长

(deputy) division chief

（副）科长

(deputy)section chief

政治思想教育

Political and ideological education

思想政治工作

Political and ideological work

共产主义道德品质

Communist ethics

中共中央

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

西部开发

The development of China’s west

国务院开发研究中心

The Development Research Center of the State Council

发展是硬道理

Development is the absolute/cardinal truth.

“三个代表”思想

The “Three Represents” theory

党的基本路线

The Party’s basic line

自觉与党中央保持一致

To conscientiously be in line with the Party center

跨世纪领导干部

Cross-century leadership

领导干部要讲政治

Leading cadres should be politically minded

领导干部要讲学习

Leading cadres should highlight the importance of learning

领导干部要讲正气

Leading cadres should adhere to moral integrity

官僚主义工作作风

Working styles of bureaucracy

相互包庇

Cover each other’s demerits

改革的步子更大些

Take bolder and wider steps in reform

政治体制改革

The reform in the political system

政治民主化

Political democratization

居委会

Neighborhood committee

民政部门

The ministry of civil affairs

实事求是

Call a spade a spade (to seek truth on the basis of facts)

解放思想

Emancipate the mind

转变观念

Transform the old mindset

在官方的监督下

Under official surveillance

地方保护主义

Regional protectionism

拜金主义

Money worship/mammonism

形式主义

Formalism

行贿

Practice bribery

索贿

Demand briberies from

受礼

Receive gifts

反对贪污受贿

To fight against corruption and bribery

走过场

Make it a mere ceremony/formality

居功自傲

To pride oneself on past achievements/become conceited due to one’s merits

唯利是图

Profit-motivated/profit seeking

血洗耻辱

To wipe out the disgrace

德才兼备

With/showing both professional ability and political integrity

道德准则

Ethical code

抓住时机

Seize the right/current opportunity

蔚然成风

To become a common practice

合法权益

Lawful rights and interests

廉洁自律

To perform one’s duty honestly and faithfully

反腐倡廉

To combat corruption and build up a clean and honest government

廉政建设

To build up a clean government

贪污腐败

Corruption

惩治腐败

To combat corruption

政治腐败

Political corrosion/degeneration

腐化堕落

Morally degenerate

生活腐化

Lead a lavish and dissolute/dissipated life

推卸责任

The shift responsibilities to others

豪华住宅

A luxurious residence

扫黄运动

An anti-pornography campaign

以权谋私

To abuse one’s power for personal interests

权钱交易

To trade power for money

违法乱纪

Violate laws and disciplines

侵吞公款

Embezzlement of public funds

公款吃喝

To enjoy banquets on public expense

公款出国旅游

Sightseeing tours abroad on public funds

不得人心

To lose popularity among the people

引起公愤

To provoke popular indignation

和稀泥

To blur the line between right and wrong

扯皮

Dispute over trifles

拉山头

To form a faction

穿小鞋

Give sb. a pair of light shoes to wear/make things hard for sb. by abusing one’s power

挨整（成为众矢之的）

To become the target of attack/be under fire

请客送礼

To invite guests to dinner and give tem gifts

拉关系

Try to establish a rapport with sb.

走后门

To get in by the back door

托人情

Ask an influential figure to help arrange sth.

找后台

Seek back stage boss

嫉贤妒能

To be jealous and envious of capable persons

拖拉的工作作风

Tardy and dilatory working style

提高…意识

To heighten one’s awareness of

暂行条例

Interim regulations

留党察看

To remain on probation within the party

免除党内职务

Removal from posts in the party

严重警告

Serious warning

对外开放

Open up to the out-side world

长治久安

To maintain long-term/lasting stability and security

有紧迫感

To have a sense of urgency

维持现状

To maintain the status quo

跟上时代的步伐

To keep pace of the times/to keep abreast with the times

和平演变

Peaceful evolution

主权

Sovereignty

举动/举措

Move

基本法

Basic law

香港总督

Governor of Hong Kong

行政长官

Chief executive

台湾问题

The Taiwan issue

各界人士

Public figures from all circles

各界代表

Representative personages of various circles

一贯立场

Consistent stand

和平统一

Peaceful reunification

和平建设

Peaceful construction

基本出发点

The ultimate aim of …

台湾当局

The Taiwan authorities

购买军火

To purchase/order ammunitions

扩军备战

Arms race

军事挑衅

Military provocation

历史遗留问题

Questions left over from past history

保证顺利回归

To guarantee/ensure the smooth return of

完成中华民族统一大业

To achieve the peaceful reunification of the Chinese nation

坚持一个中国立场

To adhere to one-China position

反对“两个中国”

To be opposed to “two Chinas”

我们神圣的领土台湾回归祖国的怀抱

The return of our sacred territory, Taiwan to the embrace of the motherland

与国际接轨

To integrate … with the international standards/norms and practices/to conform to international norms and practices

欧洲议会

European Parliament

欧盟

European Union

欧洲政治联盟

European Political Union

政府机构

Government institutions

机构臃肿

Overstaffed government organization

人浮于事

Have more hands than needed

任人唯贤

To appoint people on their merits

国家机关

State agency

常务委员会

The standing committee

劳动局

Labor bureau

劳动部

The ministry of labor

人事处

The personnel division

少数民族

Ethnic groups

民主改革

Democratic reform

中国专家

Chinese expert

中国问题专家

China expert

加强行政管理

Strengthen administrative management

办理审批程序

To go through all the procedures of approval

简化审批手续

Simplify/streamline the procedures of approval

全国大会

National Congress

全体会议

A plenary session

人民大会堂

The Great Hall of the People

全国人民代表大会

The National People’s Congress

中国人民政治协商会议

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

国务院主管部门

The competent/incumbent department of the State Council

中华全国总工会

All-China Federation of Trade Unions

世界知识产权组织

World Intellectual Property Organization

中华全国青年联合会

All-China Federation of Youth

国家海洋局

The State Oceanographic Administration

国家海洋公园

National marine park

交通部

The Ministry of Transportation